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<text id=91TT2759>
<title>
Dec. 09, 1991: Why Americans Hate Politicians
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
Dec. 09, 1991 One Nation, Under God
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
ESSAY, Page 92
Why Americans Hate Politicians
</hdr><body>
<p>By Charles Krauthammer
</p>
<p> Why does America so hate Congress? With everyone from
Jerry Brown to George Bush running against Washington, it is
obvious that the most powerful political current today is simple
disgust with politicians. Elections last month sent incumbents
packing in New Jersey, Virginia and Mississippi. In
Pennsylvania, Harris Wofford succeeded in making former Attorney
General Dick Thornburgh a stand-in for the Washington
establishment and won a stunning upset. Term limits suffered a
setback in Washington State, but will be back on the ballot next
year in at least a dozen states.
</p>
<p> Why this cresting revulsion with politicians? The usual
explanations, scandal in Washington, D.C., and recession in the
country, simply will not do. We have had far worse scandal in
the past. Bounced checks at the House bank do not compare with
Watergate. And we have had far worse downturns. Forget the Big
One of the '30s. Even the 1981-82 recession was far worse;
unemployment then was 10.8%, vs. 6.8% today.
</p>
<p> What is new? In a word: advertising. A decade or two of
negative advertising has finally had its cumulative effect. We
have really come to believe that politicians are as bad as their
opponents have been telling us in a thousand 30-second spots.
</p>
<p> It is easy to discount advertising on the grounds that no
one could be so stupid as to believe it. But if advertising
didn't work, corporations wouldn't spend billions on it. Can
anyone really believe that beer makes men attractive to women?
Yet that pitch continues to be made, year in and year out, for
the simple reason that it works.
</p>
<p> So does negative political advertising. And it works not
just to discredit individual candidates. A generation of
negative advertising has poisoned our view of politicians in
general. True, negative political advertising is not new. Lyndon
Johnson's "daisy" ad of 1964 said in effect that Barry Goldwater
would rain H-bombs on the heads of little blond girls. But that
ad ran once. Today it would be a mini-series. What is new about
negative advertising today is that there has never been so much
and it has never been so good. In the early days politicians
would use television to say how right and good and wholesome
they were. But when they took to the air to show, convincingly,
how venal the other guy was, the perception of the modern
politician changed from mere pompous ass to loathsome crook.
</p>
<p> How could it not? Imagine that McDonald's and Burger King
had spent 15 years and billions of dollars showing not their
own happy burgers but, in close-up, a death-inducing variety
dripping with fat that was attributed to the other guy. Imagine
Pepsi ads featuring the rotted teeth of kids who imbibed too
much Coke. Imagine Delta commercials showing grieving widows
saying, "Don't ever fly Pan Am."
</p>
<p> It wouldn't take 15 years for public confidence in fast
food, soft drinks and air travel to decline. Which is why no
industry has been so stupid as to devalue its product in pursuit
of market share. Except politics. Finely honed negative
campaigning has left a TV generation not just cynical about
politics--why, even Frank Capra was cynical about politics--but positively revolted by it.
</p>
<p> Perhaps an extraordinarily productive government might
overcome that revulsion. But for a generation, government has
been structurally incapable of productivity. In the West divided
government is a rare luxury. Yet since Nixon it has become the
norm in the U.S. For most of the past 23 years, the White House
and the Congress have been controlled by opposing and mutually
negating parties.
</p>
<p> The Founding Fathers established a government heavily
checked and balanced, paralysis being a fine bulwark against
tyranny. But now it goes too far. After all, a machine built for
gridlock that spends just a few million dollars a year, as did
the fledgling republic of the 1700s, is an annoyance. But a
machine built for gridlock that consumes $1.4 trillion a year
is a scandal. Wastefulness and inactivity suit minimalist
Jeffersonian government just fine. But for an all-intrusive
welfare state, they are a cause for rage.
</p>
<p> Divided government is characterized by either total
inaction or mindless compromise. Consider the compromise on the
B-2 bomber that just came out of Congress. Liberals wanted to
kill it. Conservatives wanted to build more than the currently
allowed 15. The compromise stops production at 15 but allocates
hundreds of millions to "maintain the vendor base." Translation:
Congressmen will keep the pork flowing to contractors in their
district, but the country will have nothing to show for it. B-2
parts will be built by the thousands--but the Pentagon will
not be allowed to assemble them into planes!
</p>
<p> Faced with such nonsense, multiplied daily, the cry has
gone out for term limits. But this is to fight nonsense with
nonsense. The case for term limits rests on the proposition that
if you scramble eggs, you reduce the cholesterol. Throwing out
today's rascals is cathartic but hardly a solution. There is not
a shred of evidence that newer, less experienced politicians
will make more effective legislators.
</p>
<p> In politics as in any other enterprise, the best
prescription for getting a better product is competition. It
makes far more sense to level the playing field with campaign
spending limits and free television time than simply to bar from
competition a whole cohort of candidates.
</p>
<p> Of course, candidates will undoubtedly use any free
television time to accuse one another of food poisoning. There's
the rub. We can fix and fiddle all we want, but even if we
succeed in overcoming gridlock and fielding a higher caliber of
legislator, the American voters are likely never to get the
message. The message they do get comes from TV advertising. It
comes from the politicians themselves. And it insists, with
increasing frequency and sophistication, that politicians are
crooks and fools. Any wonder we believe it?
</p>
</body></article>
</text>